Epilepsy is a brain condition that causes repeated seizures. Some seizures are obvious — shaking, loss of awareness — while others are subtle, like brief staring spells. Knowing the signs and what to do helps you or a loved one stay safer and get better care faster.
If someone has a convulsive seizure (full-body shaking), stay calm. Move dangerous objects away and cushion their head. Time the seizure. Don’t force anything into their mouth. Turn them on their side once shaking stops to keep the airway clear. Only call emergency services if the seizure lasts longer than five minutes, repeats without recovery, causes injury, or the person has trouble breathing.
For non-convulsive seizures (blank staring, brief confusion), gently support the person and guide them to a safe place. If seizures are new, get medical help to find the cause and start treatment.
Most people with epilepsy manage seizures with medication. Levetiracetam is a commonly used anticonvulsant noted for being effective and generally well tolerated. Some people use it alone or as part of combination therapy to control stubborn seizures. Other drugs, like topiramate, are widely used too, but alternatives exist when side effects become a problem. Our site has articles comparing options and listing alternatives if one drug isn’t right for you.
Treatment goes beyond pills. If medications don’t control seizures, doctors may consider changes like different drug combinations, dietary approaches (like ketogenic diets in some cases), nerve stimulation devices, or surgery for a clearly localized brain focus. Your neurologist will explain risks and benefits for your situation.
Side effects differ by medicine. Common complaints include drowsiness, dizziness, mood changes, or weight shifts. Always tell your doctor about side effects — dosage changes or switching drugs can often help. Never stop medication abruptly; that raises the risk of serious seizures.
Living with epilepsy means planning. Avoid missed sleep, manage stress, and limit alcohol and recreational drugs — these are common seizure triggers. Wear a medical ID if you can’t always communicate your condition. Talk to your doctor about driving rules and job safety; laws and recommendations vary.
Special situations matter. Women of childbearing age should discuss contraception and pregnancy planning, because some antiseizure meds interact with hormonal contraceptives and can affect fetal development. If you travel, carry a doctor’s letter describing your condition and medication list, and keep enough medicine in original packaging.
If you're starting treatment or exploring changes, read our related articles on levetiracetam and on alternatives to topiramate to get practical, readable information about options, side effects, and what to ask your neurologist. If seizures start suddenly or change in pattern, seek medical attention quickly — early evaluation reduces risks and helps find the best treatment plan for you.
