Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can infect the genitals, rectum, throat, and eyes. Many people have no symptoms, so regular testing matters. Untreated infections can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, and higher HIV risk.
Symptoms depend on where the infection is. Men often notice painful urination and thick, colored discharge from the penis. Women may have abnormal vaginal discharge, pelvic pain, or bleeding between periods, but symptoms can be mild or absent. Rectal infections cause pain, discharge, or bleeding. Throat infections cause a sore throat or no symptoms.
Because many infections are silent, get tested if you have new or multiple partners, a partner with an STI, or if you notice symptoms. Pregnant people should be screened because gonorrhea can harm the baby.
Most clinics use NAAT tests on urine or swabs from the infected site. Results come back fast. If positive, a clinician will prescribe antibiotics and advise treating recent partners. Avoid sex until treatment finishes and follow-up testing confirms cure.
Antibiotic resistance is growing, so follow medical advice closely and don’t self-medicate. Some infections, like throat gonorrhea, are harder to clear and may need a follow-up test. If symptoms persist after treatment, return to care.
Prevention is simple: use condoms correctly every time, limit new partners, get regular screenings, and talk openly with partners about testing. There’s no vaccine yet, so these steps help.
If you have symptoms, a positive test, or a partner with gonorrhea, see a healthcare provider quickly. Clinics and sexual health centers offer confidential testing and treatment, and local health departments can help if cost or access is an issue.